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Cancer Penis

Penile cancer is a rare type of malignancy that affects the tissues of the penis. It typically originates in the skin or cells of the penis and can vary in aggressiveness and treatment options depending on its stage and location.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing penile cancer:

  • Uncircumcised Penis: Men who have not been circumcised at birth have a higher risk.
  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection: Certain strains of HPV, particularly HPV 16 and 18, are associated with an increased risk.
  • Smoking: Tobacco use increases the risk of developing penile cancer.
  • Age: It is more common in older men, typically over the age of 60.
  • Poor Hygiene: Lack of regular hygiene may contribute to a higher risk.
  • Phimosis: Inability to retract the foreskin can lead to chronic irritation and inflammation.
  • Personal History: A previous history of genital warts or other genital cancers can increase risk.


Symptoms

Symptoms of penile cancer may include:

  • Changes in the Skin: Such as thickening, color changes, or a lump on the penis.
  • Ulcers or Sores: That do not heal.
  • Bleeding: From the penis or under the foreskin.
  • Pain: In the penis, although this is less common in early stages.
  • Swollen Lymph Nodes: In the groin area, indicating the cancer may have spread.


Treatment Options

Treatment for penile cancer depends on the stage of the disease and the extent of spread. Options may include:

  • Surgery: The primary treatment for early-stage penile cancer, which may involve removing the cancerous tissue (partial or total penectomy) and nearby lymph nodes.
  • Radiation Therapy: Uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells, sometimes used in combination with surgery.
  • Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to kill cancer cells and may be used before or after surgery or for advanced cases.
  • Mohs Surgery: A specialized surgical technique to remove skin cancers layer by layer, preserving more healthy tissue.
  • Cryotherapy: Freezing cancer cells with liquid nitrogen, often used for early-stage penile cancer.